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Humidification Knowledge

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Inspection or environmental testing organizations (laboratories, aging chambers)

1. Weathering Tests: These include individual tests for temperature, humidity, corrosion, or fungal growth, as well as combinations of the aforementioned factors. 2. Performance Tests: These encompass tests for vibration, electrical shock, acceleration, radiation, or pressure. Typically, multipurpose laboratories have a wide range of temperatures (2–85℃) and relative humidities (2–98% RH) to accommodate the needs of various testing environments. Given the broad range of temperature and humidity adjustments required, it is essential to select an appropriate humidification method based on the specific humidity control requirements and site conditions in different areas to ensure the accuracy and reliability of test results.

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Inspection or environmental testing organizations (laboratories, aging chambers)

Cleanroom semiconductor electronics factory circuit boards

Humidification can prevent static electricity caused by excessively low relative humidity, which may lead to equipment malfunctions and increased product defect rates. In cleanrooms used in electronics factories, semiconductor plants, and printed circuit board facilities, the temperature is typically maintained at a constant around 22°C; therefore, year-round air conditioning and precise control of temperature and humidity are essential to prevent static electricity, condensation, corrosion, fiber breakage, and discomfort among workers. When relative humidity exceeds 60%, corrosion may occur; conversely, when it falls below 40%, static electricity becomes more likely. Thus, before components enter the cleanroom, they usually need to be kept in a specific temperature and humidity environment. This ensures that no condensation occurs due to temperature differences upon entering the cleanroom, thereby preventing moisture damage to the components, or the generation of static electricity that could cause dust and impurities to adhere to the components, compromising their quality and functionality.

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Cleanroom semiconductor electronics factory circuit boards

Hospital operating room, delivery room, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology

1. Humidity control prevents static electricity, helping to protect medical electronic devices and making the environment safer for both healthcare workers and patients. 2. Humidity control inhibits the proliferation of bacteria and biological contaminants; air humidity should be maintained at around 40% to 60%. 3. Humidity control helps prevent an increase in airborne dust particles. In winter, dry air tends to raise the concentration of airborne dust, which can trigger allergies and asthma in people. 4. Proper humidity control not only reduces unpleasant odors but also enhances the physical and psychological comfort of patients and accelerates wound healing.

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Hospital operating room, delivery room, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology

The purpose of humidification

According to the purpose of humidification, it can be broadly divided into two types: 1. Comfort Humidification According to statistical analyses from the international HVAC community, humans feel most comfortable and achieve the highest work efficiency when living and working in an environment with a temperature between 22°C and 26°C and a relative humidity ranging from 40% to 65% RH. Dry air, on the other hand, can lead to: A significant increase in the airborne dispersion of dust particles, causing dryness and itching of the skin, making people feel uncomfortable. Typically, such environments serve as breeding grounds for various bacteria, leading to colds, sore throats, and greatly increasing the risk of bronchitis and skin diseases (according to statistics, in China, the incidence of bronchitis during winter in northern regions is significantly higher than in regions like Hainan). This, in turn, results in higher rates of sick leave and indirectly affects productivity. 2. Process Humidification ①. Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Semiconductor Factories: Humidification helps prevent static electricity caused by excessively low relative humidity. Such static electricity can lead to equipment malfunctions and increased defect rates in products. In electronics, optoelectronics, and semiconductor factories, temperatures are generally maintained at a constant level around 22°C; therefore, year-round air conditioning and precise control of temperature and humidity are essential to prevent static electricity, condensation, corrosion, fiber breakage, and discomfort among workers. When relative humidity exceeds 60%, corrosion may occur; whereas below 40%, static electricity becomes a problem. Thus, before components enter cleanrooms, they usually need to be kept in specific temperature and humidity conditions to avoid condensation due to temperature differences upon entering the cleanroom, which could cause moisture damage or generate static electricity that easily attracts dust and impurities, thereby affecting product quality and functionality. ②. Hospitals, Operating Rooms, Intensive Care Units, and Rehabilitation Facilities: Proper humidity control not only reduces unpleasant odors but also enhances patients' physical and psychological comfort and accelerates wound healing. Generally, government agencies or relevant authorities have established standards or restrictions for air-conditioning environments in different areas of hospitals, as shown in the table below for reference:

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Basic Classification of Humidification

According to the humidification method, humidifiers are broadly categorized into steam humidifiers and mist humidifiers: 1. Steam Humidification: Generally speaking, the steam used in steam humidification systems is high-temperature steam, with a latent heat slightly higher than that of normal-temperature gaseous water. Therefore, after air is humidified by steam, its latent heat will increase slightly, causing the dry-bulb temperature of the space to rise by 1–2℃. Since the increase in the air’s dry-bulb temperature is relatively limited, steam humidification is also referred to as isothermal humidification. In a steam generator, liquid water is heated and vaporized into saturated steam. This steam is then directly distributed throughout the air-conditioning unit or ductwork via a steam distribution device. Subsequently, the steam fully and thoroughly mixes with the air, enabling the air to absorb moisture and thereby increasing its humidity level.

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Considerations for Selecting a Humidification Method

The key considerations for selecting a humidification method are listed below: 1. Low initial installation cost; 2. Low operating costs; 3. Energy efficiency; 4. Compact equipment size with high humidification capacity; 5. Low maintenance costs; 6. Integration with existing resources—for example, using an existing boiler as a power source instead of electricity, or leveraging existing purified water systems to eliminate conventional water treatment expenses... and so forth. 7. No dripping or condensation; The primary reasons industries choose steam humidification are: 1. High steam humidification capacity, enabling attainment of relatively high relative humidity levels; 2. High absorption efficiency; 3. Complete sterilization capability; 4. Easy humidification control—constant enthalpy humidification with rapid response; 5. Simple, clean, and aesthetically pleasing exterior design... and so forth. ※ Hospitals universally opt for steam humidification, primarily because steam humidification offers complete sterilization capabilities. ※ If a control valve is used to regulate the steam flow rate, it is crucial to carefully select the appropriate valve diameter and determine the correct CV value for the valve’s throat opening. The main reasons industries choose water mist humidification are: 1. During mist humidification, the process is isenthalpic, significantly reducing room temperature and substantially lowering the energy load on ice-water machines; 2. Simple installation and easy maintenance; 3. Relatively low initial installation costs; 4. Low power consumption of the humidifier unit; 5. Safety

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